Agricultural Restriction

A Freehold covenant restricting the occupancy of a property to those engaged in agriculture.

APRC

The APRC (Annual Percentage Rate of Charge) is a figure that is used to compare different mortgages. Defined by law, it includes repayments on the loan plus any fees such as booking, arrangement or redemption fees. The APRC shows the true cost of borrowing, and should appear on all mortgage illustrations and quotes.

Adverse Credit

This is the term used if the borrower has suffered a poor credit history. This could include previous mortgage or loan arrears, CCJ’s or bankruptcy.

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Arrangement Fee

This is a fee you pay to your lender in return for providing you with a mortgage. Usually paid on completion or with application , these fees typically apply when you take out a fixed rate, discount or cashback mortgage.

ASU

Accident, Sickness and Unemployment insurance (See also MPPI). This insurance is designed to cover the borrower's mortgage payments, and other monthly commitments, in case of accident, sickness or involuntary unemployment.

Base Rate Tracker

The interest rate is variable but set at a premium (above) the Bank of England Base Rate for a period, or even the full term of the mortgage. 

Booking Fee

Arrangement fees are charged in connection with some mortgages. Often they are charged in connection with a fixed or capped rate loan. The fee is normally non-refundable if charged upfront. Sometimes it is added to the mortgage debt on completion.

Bridging Loan

Short term loan to facilitate the purchase of one property prior to the sale of another, releasing funds that are required for the purchase. Professional advice should always be taken prior to considering any bridging finance.

Broker's Fee

A fee charged by an intermediary or advisor for identifying the most appropriate mortgage for the borrower.

Buy-to-Let

This is a mortgage designed for people who wish to purchase a property to rent out to others. The ability to repay this type of mortgage is often based on the projected rental income from the property, as opposed to the personal income of the borrowers.

Capital and Interest

Your monthly payments are partly to pay the interest on the amount you borrowed and partly to pay the outstanding mortgage and ongoing costs involved in a mortgage.

Capped Rate

An interest rate charged on a mortgage, where there is a guarantee from the mortgagee, that the rate will not exceed a certain amount.  This is usually for a set period of 1 – 5 years but which will reduce if the standard variable rate falls below the capped rate.

Cashback

A payment you receive when you take out a mortgage. It may be a fixed amount, or a percentage of the amount of the mortgage.

CCJ

County Court Judgment. A decision reached in the County Court for non payment of debt. If you pay off the debt, the CCJ is satisfied and a note is put on your records to say this.

Completion

When the sale and purchase of the property are finalised, and you become the owner of your new house.

Contract

Legally binding agreement of sale. In two identical parts, one signed by seller and one by purchaser. When the two parts are exchanged (exchange of contracts), both parties are committed to the transaction.

Conveyancing

The legal process involved in buying and selling property.

Credit Scoring

This is a way in which lenders assess whether you are a good risk to offer a mortgage to.

Credit Search

A check the lender makes with a specialist company to find out whether you have any CCJs or a bad credit record.

Debt Consolidation

This is a means by which to repay high interest debts (such as credit cards and personal loans) by incorporating them into a new mortgage to benefit from lower interest rates and lower monthly payments. In the long term this may be a very expensive way of repaying these debts.

Deed

A legal document which is ‘signed, sealed and delivered’, not just signed. This has special significance in law. Title to both freehold and leasehold property can only be transferred by deed.

Deposit

The amount of money you put towards buying your property.

Disbursements

A solicitor's expenses, for example, land registry fees, searches, faxes etc.

Discount Rate

An interest rate which is set at a set margin below standard variable rate, usually for a period of 1 – 5 years. Used as an incentive to attract potential new borrowers.

Early Redemption Charges

This a fee charged by a lender if you pay off part or all of your mortgage before the agreed date, or you move your mortgage to another lender. These charges mainly apply to fixed rate, discounted rate and cashback mortgages.

Equity Release

Mortgages specifically designed for older applicants to release capital from their home. 

Equity

The amount of value in a property that isn’t covered by a mortgage. Subtract the amount of the mortgage from the valuation to work out the equity.

Exchange of Contracts

Exchange of contracts is when the two legal firms representing the buyer and seller swap signed contracts, and the buyer pays a deposit. When contracts are signed, everything becomes legally binding, and if you or the seller pull out before completion, you or they will have to pay compensation.

Fixed Rate

The interest charged on a mortgage is set for an agreed period.

Flexible Mortgage

The interest rate is variable but has the big advantage that it is calculated daily instead of annually. This means that any capital repayment of the loan will affect the interest charged on the outstanding balance immediately. By making regular overpayments, the interest saved on the mortgage over the term can be quite significant. Also, most lenders will allow funds to be drawn from the account up to the original mortgage balance, or even allow payment holidays.

Freehold

You own the property and the land that it is on.

Gazumping

When the person selling the property accepts an offer and then accepts a new, higher offer from another buyer before exchange of contracts.

Guarantor

The person liable for the repayment of a mortgage if a borrower fails to maintain their mortgage payments. This is typically a parent or close family relative.

Home Buyer's Report

An alternative property survey, more detailed than a mortgage valuation, but less than a full survey. It is a multi-page report, designed to offer the buyer a greater level of peace of mind than a basic valuation.

Income Multiples/ Multipliers

Income multiples are used by lenders to determine the maximum mortgage they are able to lend to individuals. This is used in conjunction with a calculation to assess affordability of the mortgage payments

Income Protection Insurance

This covers accident, sickness and unemployment. It provides a monthly payment if you cannot work for an extended period due to an accident, sickness or unemployment.

Interest Only Mortgage

With this type of mortgage, the borrower is only required to pay interest on the amount borrowed during the mortgage term. It is the borrower's responsibility to ensure that enough funds will exist (either through an investment policy or other means) to repay the mortgage at the end of the term.

Intermediary

A Mortgage Broker or Adviser who sources the most appropriate mortgage for borrowers and arranges the mortgage on their behalf.

Land Registry Fee

The fee paid to the Land Registry to register ownership of an area of land.

Leasehold

A leasehold property is owned for a set number of years, but not include the land upon which the property is built. This is by contrast to a freehold, where both the property and the land are owned indefinitely.

Local Authority Search

A check carried out by the buyer’s solicitor to identify whether there are no proposed developments in the area of the property, such as roads, railways or other buildings. The check also includes details of the planning permission for the property and whether the council has served any enforcement notices on it. A fee is charged for this service.

LTV

Loan to Value. This refers to the size of the mortgage as a percentage of the value of the property. A £45,000 mortgage on a house valued at £50,000 represents a loan to value of 90%.

Mortgage

A loan to buy a property, where you put up the property as security against you paying back the loan.

Mortgagee

The Company or Organisation which lends you the money.

Mortgagor

The person taking out the mortgage.

MPPI

Mortgage Payment Protection Insurance (See also ASU). This insurance is designed to cover the borrower's mortgage payments in case of accident, sickness or involuntary unemployment.

Negative Equity

Where the money you owe on the mortgage is greater than the value of your property.

Overpayment

When monthly payments to a mortgage are increased so that the mortgage is repaid before the end of the mortgage term. Flexible mortgages allow overpayments to be made without penalty, allowing significant interest savings over the mortgage term.

Payment Holiday

A period during which the borrower makes no mortgage payments. Normally only available to borrowers with a flexible mortgage who have previously overpaid their monthly repayments.

Portability

A term used to describe a mortgage that can be transferred between properties when you move house.

Redemption

The process of paying off your mortgage, either when moving house, remortgaging or at the end of the mortgage term.

(Early) Redemption Charges

Penalties levied by the lender when a borrower pays off the mortgage before the end of the agreed redemption period. These are often charged on fixed, capped or discounted rate mortgages.

Remortgage

The process of paying off one mortgage with the proceeds from a new mortgage, using the same property as security.

Repayment Mortgage

Monthly payments are partly to repay the amount you borrowed and partly to pay the interest on the outstanding mortgage. This is also known as a Capital and Interest Mortgage.

Repossession

Process by which a borrower in default under a mortgage is deprived of his or her interest in the mortgaged property. This usually involves a forced sale of the property at public auction, with the proceeds of the sale being applied to the mortgage debt.

Right to Buy

A tenant in a council owned property may purchase the property at a discount, depending on length of their tenancy.

Sealing Fee

A charge made by lenders when you repay a mortgage.

Searches

Checks carried out during the conveyancing process. These checks are made with local authorities and other official organisations to check planning proposals and other matters that may affect the value of the property and its saleability in the future, before making a loan.

Shared Equity

A shared equity mortgage is an arrangement under which a lender and a borrower share ownership of a property. When the property is sold, the allocation of equity goes to each party according to their equity contribution.

Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT)

A tax payable on the purchase of a property by the purchaser.

Structural Survey

The most wide-ranging and thorough check of both the exterior and interior of a property. A structural survey is carried out by a professional Surveyor and is designed to pick up all but the most hidden faults.

SVR

Standard Variable Rate. The interest rate that the lender charges. As the rate fluctuates, either up or down, repayments are adjusted accordingly.

Term

The period of years over which you the mortgage is taken, and the deadline for it to be repaid by.

Term Assurance

An insurance policy designed to repay the mortgage on the death of the insured person. Level Term Assurance covers a principal sum throughout the policy term and pays out the full amount on death. Reducing Term Assurance is designed to repay the balance outstanding on a repayment type mortgage upon death. Term Assurance may also pay out early on the diagnosis of a terminal illness.

Title Deeds

Documents which show proof of who owns the freehold and leasehold property.

Transfer deed. This is a document which, once signed by the buyer, transfers the ownership of a property to them.

Unencumbered

When the property is owned outright, and no mortgages or loans are secured against it.

Valuation

A simple check of the property in order to find out how much it is worth and whether it is suitable to lend a mortgage on.

Valuation Fee

A fee paid by a borrower to cover the cost of the lender checking that the property is suitable security for the mortgage loan.

Variable Rate

The interest rate charged by the lender. It fluctuates during the term of the mortgage, and repayments are changed accordingly.

Vendor

The person selling the property.

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